Bronchiectasis is an abnormal destruction and dilation of larger bronchi due to which the airways slowly lose their ability to clear out mucus. The mucus aggregates and act as an environment for bacteria like Staphylococcus or Klebsiella species or Bordetella pertussis. This leads to repeated serious lung infections. Common causes are cystic fibrosis, immune defects, and recurrent infections or inflammation.

Diagnosis of Bronchiectasis is based on patient history and Chest x-ray but Chest X-ray is not sensitive and nonspecific and the X-ray images may appear as normal. High-resolution CT is the test of choice to evaluate the presence and the extent of bronchiectasis. The evaluation is 90-99% sensitive and specific. By using High Resolution CT imaging modality the size of the bronchus to the adjacent pulmonary artery is visualized clearly which is a major criterion for the detection of bronchiectasis. High Resolution CT scanning also helps in finding the status of the surrounding lung tissue and excludes other lesions such as neoplasms. Multidetector helical CT imaging is more advanced technique than High Resolution CT imaging in detecting the presence and extent of Bronchiectasis.